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The SecOps Group CNSP Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Social Engineering attacks: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and addresses the human element of security breaches. It describes common tactics used to manipulate users, emphasizes awareness training, and highlights how social engineering can bypass technical safeguards.
Topic 2	Active Directory Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and introduces the fundamental concepts of directory services, highlighting potential security risks and the measures needed to protect identity and access management systems in a Windows environment.
Topic 3	Cryptography: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and focuses on basic encryption and decryption methods used to protect data in transit and at rest. It includes an overview of algorithms, key management, and the role of cryptography in maintaining data confidentiality.
Topic 4	Linux and Windows Security Basics: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and compares foundational security practices across these two operating systems. It addresses file permissions, user account controls, and basic hardening techniques to reduce the attack surface.
Topic 5	Password Storage: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and addresses safe handling of user credentials. It explains how hashing, salting, and secure storage methods can mitigate risks associated with password disclosure or theft.
Topic 6	Testing Web Servers and Frameworks: This section of the exam measures skills of Security Analysts and examines how to assess the security of web technologies. It looks at configuration issues, known vulnerabilities, and the impact of unpatched frameworks on the overall security posture.
Topic 7	Open-Source Intelligence Gathering (OSINT): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and discusses methods for collecting publicly available information on targets. It stresses the legal and ethical aspects of OSINT and its role in developing a thorough understanding of potential threats.
Topic 8	TLS Security Basics: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and outlines the process of securing network communication through encryption. It highlights how TLS ensures data integrity and confidentiality, emphasizing certificate management and secure configurations.
Topic 9	TCP IP (Protocols and Networking Basics): This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and covers the fundamental principles of TCP IP, explaining how data moves through different layers of the network. It emphasizes the roles of protocols in enabling communication between devices and sets the foundation for understanding more advanced topics.
Topic 10	This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Engineers and explains how to verify the security and performance of various services running on a network. It focuses on identifying weaknesses in configurations and protocols that could lead to unauthorized access or data leaks.
Topic 11	Network Discovery Protocols: This section of the exam measures the skills of Security Analysts and examines how protocols like ARP, ICMP, and SNMP enable the detection and mapping of network devices. It underlines their importance in security assessments and network monitoring.
Topic 12	This section of the exam measures skills of Network Engineers and explores the utility of widely used software for scanning, monitoring, and troubleshooting networks. It clarifies how these tools help in detecting intrusions and verifying security configurations.

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The SecOps Group Certified Network Security Practitioner Sample Questions (Q50-Q55):

NEW QUESTION # 50
Where are the password hashes stored in a Microsoft Windows 64-bit system?

A. C:WindowsconfigSystem32SAM
B. C:WindowsSystem64configSAM
C. C:System64configSAM
D. C:WindowsSystem32configSAM

Answer: D

Explanation:
Windows stores password hashes in the SAM (Security Account Manager) file, with a consistent location across 32-bit and 64-bit systems.
Why B is correct: The SAM file resides at C:WindowsSystem32configSAM, locked during system operation for security. CNSP notes this for credential extraction risks.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: System64 does not exist; System32 is used even on 64-bit systems.
C: C:System64 is invalid; the path starts with Windows.
D: configSystem32 reverses the correct directory structure.

NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following files has the SUID permission set?
-rwxr-sr-x 1 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:00 myfile
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 4896 Jan 1 08:00 myprogram
-rw-r--r-s 1 root root 4096 Jan 1 00:00 anotherfile

A. myprogram
B. anotherfile
C. All of the above
D. myfile

Answer: A

Explanation:
In Linux/Unix, file permissions are displayed in a 10-character string (e.g., -rwxr-xr-x), where the first character is the file type (- for regular files) and the next nine are permissions for user (owner), group, and others (rwx = read, write, execute). Special bits like SUID (Set User ID) modify execution behavior:
SUID: When set, a program runs with the owner's permissions (e.g., root) rather than the executor's. It's denoted by an s in the user execute position (replacing x if executable, or capitalized S if not).
Analysis:
-rwxr-sr-x (myfile): User: rwx, Group: r-s (SGID), Others: r-x. The s is in the group execute position, indicating SGID, not SUID.
-rwsr-xr-x (myprogram): User: rws (SUID), Group: r-x, Others: r-x. The s in the user execute position confirms SUID; owned by root, it runs as root.
-rw-r--r-s (anotherfile): User: rw-, Group: r--, Others: r-s. The s is in the others execute position, but no x exists, making it irrelevant (and not SUID). Typically, s here would be a sticky bit on directories, not files.
Security Implications: SUID binaries (e.g., /usr/bin/passwd) are common targets for privilege escalation if misconfigured (e.g., writable by non-root users). CNSP likely emphasizes auditing SUID permissions with find / -perm -u=s.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . myfile: Has SGID (s in group), not SUID.
C . anotherfile: The s doesn't indicate SUID; it's a misapplied bit without execute permission.
D . All of the above: Only myprogram has SUID.
Real-World Context: Exploiting SUID binaries is a classic Linux attack vector (e.g., CVE-2016-1247 for Nginx).

NEW QUESTION # 52
Which Kerberos ticket is required to generate a Silver Ticket?

A. Service Account Ticket
B. There is no specific ticket required for generating a Silver Ticket
C. Session Ticket
D. Ticket-Granting Ticket

Answer: A

Explanation:
A Silver Ticket is a forged Kerberos Service Ticket (TGS - Ticket Granting Service) in Active Directory, granting access to a specific service (e.g., MSSQL, CIFS) without KDC interaction. Unlike a Golden Ticket (TGT forgery), it requires:
Service Account's NTLM Hash: The target service's account (e.g., MSSQLSvc) hash, not a ticket.
Forgery: Tools like Mimikatz craft the TGS (e.g., kerberos::golden /service:<spn> /user:<user> /ntlm:<hash>).
Kerberos Flow (RFC 4120):
TGT (Ticket-Granting Ticket): Obtained via AS (Authentication Service) with user creds.
TGS: Requested from TGS (Ticket Granting Service) using TGT for service access.
Silver Ticket Process:
No TGT needed; the attacker mimics the TGS step using the service account's stolen hash (e.g., from a compromised host).
C . Service Account Ticket: Misnomer-it's the hash of the service account (e.g., MSSQLSvc) that enables forgery, not a pre-existing ticket. CNSP's phrasing likely tests this nuance.
Security Implications: Silver Tickets are stealthier than Golden Tickets (service-specific, shorter-lived). CNSP likely stresses hash protection (e.g., LAPS) and Kerberos monitoring.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . Session Ticket: Not a Kerberos term; confuses session keys.
B . TGT: Used for Golden Tickets, not Silver.
D: Incorrect; the service account's hash (implied by "ticket") is essential.
Real-World Context: Silver Tickets exploited in APT29 attacks (2020 SolarWinds) for lateral movement.

NEW QUESTION # 53
Which one of the following is not an online attack?

A. Phishing attack
B. Rainbow table attack
C. Brute force attack
D. Password spraying attack

Answer: B

Explanation:
Online attacks require real-time interaction with a target system (e.g., a login interface), whereas offline attacks occur without direct system interaction, typically after obtaining data like password hashes. A rainbow table attack is an offline method that uses precomputed tables of hash values to reverse-engineer passwords from stolen hash databases, distinguishing it from the other options, which are online.
Why B is correct: Rainbow table attacks are performed offline after an attacker has already acquired a hash (e.g., from a compromised database). The attacker matches the hash against precomputed tables to find the plaintext password, requiring no interaction with the target system during the attack. CNSP classifies this as an offline password recovery technique.
Why other options are incorrect:
A: Brute force attacks involve repeatedly submitting password guesses to a live system (e.g., via SSH or a web login), making it an online attack.
C: Password spraying attacks test a few common passwords across many accounts on a live system, also an online attack aimed at avoiding lockouts.
D: Phishing attacks trick users into submitting credentials through fake interfaces (e.g., emails or websites), requiring real-time interaction and thus classified as online.

NEW QUESTION # 54
Where are the password hashes stored in the Linux file system?

A. /etc/password
B. /etc/passwd
C. /usr/bin/shadow
D. /etc/shadow

Answer: D

Explanation:
In Linux, password hashes are stored in a secure file to protect user authentication data. The evolution of Linux security practices moved password storage from plaintext or weakly protected files to a more secure location.
Why C is correct: The /etc/shadow file is the standard location for storing password hashes in modern Linux systems. This file is readable only by the root user, enhancing security by restricting access. It contains encrypted password hashes (typically using algorithms like SHA-512), along with user details such as password expiration policies. CNSP documentation on Linux security emphasizes /etc/shadow as the authoritative source for password hashes, replacing older methods.
Why other options are incorrect:
A . /etc/passwd: Historically, /etc/passwd stored passwords in plaintext or weakly hashed forms (e.g., using DES), but modern systems use it only for user account information (e.g., UID, GID, home directory) and reference /etc/shadow for hashes.
B . /etc/password: This is not a valid file in the Linux file system; it appears to be a typographical error or misunderstanding, with no recognized role in password storage.
D . /usr/bin/shadow: /usr/bin contains executable binaries, not configuration or data files like password hashes. /etc/shadow is the correct path.

NEW QUESTION # 55
......

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