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NEW QUESTION # 61
Which technique averages image frames over time to reduce noise?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Persistence is a post-processing technique that averages multiple consecutive image frames to reduce random noise and improve image smoothness. This is especially useful for reducing speckle and enhancing the clarity of stationary or slow-moving structures.
According to official sonography Principles and Instrumentation documentation:
"Persistence uses frame averaging, combining data from several sequential frames to reduce noise, enhance image quality, and stabilize the appearance of stationary structures."
* Demodulation (A) is part of signal processing that extracts the Doppler frequency shift.
* Compression (C) alters the dynamic range of the image but does not reduce noise through frame averaging.
* Time gain compensation (D) adjusts amplification at various depths to equalize brightness but does not perform frame averaging.
Therefore, the correct answer is B: Persistence.
NEW QUESTION # 62
For harmonic imaging, what must the overall transducer bandwidth contain?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Harmonic imaging operates by transmitting at the fundamental frequency and receiving echoes at the second harmonic frequency (which is twice the fundamental frequency). Therefore, the transducer must have a broad enough bandwidth to include both frequencies.
According to sonography instrumentation reference:
"For harmonic imaging, the transducer bandwidth must accommodate both the transmitted fundamental frequency and the received second harmonic frequency." Therefore, the correct answer is A: Fundamental and second harmonic frequencies.
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NEW QUESTION # 63
What are two types of cavitation in tissue?
Answer: D
Explanation:
* Heat and Transient: Heat and transient are not classifications of cavitation.
* Thermal and Mechanical: These terms refer to different bioeffects of ultrasound but are not types of cavitation.
* Stable and Transient: These are the two types of cavitation observed in tissues during ultrasound. Stable cavitation involves the oscillation of gas bubbles without collapse, while transient cavitation involves the violent collapse of gas bubbles, which can generate high temperatures and shock waves.
* Thermal and Stable: Thermal effects are a different concept related to tissue heating, not a type of cavitation.
References:
"Diagnostic Ultrasound: Principles and Instruments" by Frederick W. Kremkau ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation study materials
NEW QUESTION # 64
Which resolution capability is most affected by spatial pulse length?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Axial resolution refers to the ability to distinguish two structures that are close to each other along the path of the ultrasound beam.
Spatial pulse length (SPL) is the distance over which one pulse occurs, and it directly affects axial resolution.
Shorter SPL improves axial resolution because it allows better differentiation of closely spaced structures.
The axial resolution is improved by increasing the frequency of the transducer, which shortens the wavelength and hence the SPL. Reference:
ARDMS Sonography Principles and Instrumentation guidelines on resolution parameters and their impact on image quality.
NEW QUESTION # 65
Which characteristics are associated with an ideal imaging transducer?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Ideal imaging transducers have broad bandwidths (allowing multiple frequencies for better axial resolution and flexibility) and a low quality factor (which indicates efficient damping, leading to short pulses and better image quality).
According to sonography instrumentation reference:
"Imaging transducers operate with broad bandwidth and low quality factor to achieve short pulse duration and optimal axial resolution." Therefore, the correct answer is B: Broad bandwidth; low quality factor.
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NEW QUESTION # 66
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